Tensile Strength (Ultimate Tensile Strength - UTS)
The maximum engineering stress a specimen sustains during a uniaxial tension test before necking or fracture occurs.
Yield Strength / Proof Stress
The stress level at which a material transitions from purely elastic behavior to permanent plastic deformation.
Modulus of Elasticity (Young's Modulus)
The ratio of tensile stress to corresponding strain within the linear elastic limit, representing a material's intrinsic stiffness.
Elongation at Break (% Elongation)
The permanent increase in gauge length measured after specimen fracture, expressed as a percentage of the original gauge length.
Creep Deformation
Time-dependent permanent plastic deformation of a material subjected to constant mechanical stress at elevated temperatures over extended periods.
Stress Rupture Life
The cumulative time required for a specimen to fracture under continuous static tensile load at a specified temperature.
Secondary Creep Rate (Steady-State Creep)
The minimum, constant rate of strain accumulation occurring during Stage II of creep, where work hardening and thermal recovery remain in equilibrium.
Flexural Modulus & Strength (3-Point Bend)
A material's ability to resist bending forces. Measured by supporting a beam on two outer spans and applying a central point load.
Peel / Adhesion Strength (90° & 180°)
The average force required to separate bonded, laminated, or adhesive-coated flexible layers from a rigid or flexible substrate.
Dynamic Fatigue & Cyclic Endurance
Testing component lifespan and fatigue limits under continuous sinusoidal or block loading cycles at frequencies up to 100 Hz.
Crack Opening Displacement (COD)
The physical opening displacement between opposing surfaces of a pre-existing fatigue crack under applied load, measured via clip-on COD extensometers.